Lombroso's Criminal Types and the Dystopian Intersection of Social Control and Surveillance in Science Fiction
Cesare Lombroso, an Italian criminologist of the late 19th century, proposed that criminal behavior was rooted in biological traits inherited from primitive ancestors. This theory, though largely discredited today, continues to shape the creative landscape of science fiction, where authors and filmmakers explore the boundaries of humanity and the consequences of deviating from societal norms. In this article, we will examine ten notable works that exemplify the enduring impact of Lombroso's theory, shedding light on the intricate relationship between science, fiction, and the human condition. In H.G. Wells' "The Island of Dr. Moreau" (1896), the eponymous character, Dr. Moreau, conducts gruesome experiments, transforming animals into human-like creatures. These atavistic beings exhibit both physical and behavioral characteristics that blur the line between humanity and savagery. Wells explores the consequences of tampering with nature and the potential for regression